Journal Articles

Kulkarni, S, Hillier, J, Marjoribanks, T, Bugby, S, Higham, J, Bannister, D (2026) Seeing gusty winds: Optical tracking of tree motion captures peak 3-second gust velocities, Meteorological Applications, 33(1), e70156, ISSN: 1350-4827. DOI: 10.1002/met.70156.

Bishop, M, Veal, MC, Bugby, S, Dejene, F, Bettelli, M, Zanettini, S (2025) Comparison of the charge transport properties of low and high flux grade redlen CdZnTe crystals, Journal of Instrumentation, 20(09), p.9, DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/20/09/p09009.

Bugby, S, Farnworth, A, Brooks, W, Perkins, A (2024) Seracam: Characterisation of a new small field of view hybrid gamma camera for nuclear medicine, EJNMMI Physics, 11, 57, DOI: 10.1186/s40658-024-00659-7.

Jiang, Y, Bugby, S, Lees, JE (2024) PMST: a custom Python-based Monte Carlo Simulation Tool for research and system development in portable pinhole gamma cameras, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1061, 169161, ISSN: 0168-9002. DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2024.169161.

Zhang, J, Cosma, G, Bugby, S, Watkins, J (2023) Efficient retrieval of images with irregular patterns using morphological image analysis: applications to industrial and healthcare datasets, Journal of Imaging, 9(12), 277, DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9120277.

Farnworth, A and Bugby, S (2023) Intraoperative gamma cameras: a review of development in the last decade and future outlook, Journal of Imaging, 9(5), 102, DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9050102.

Jiang, Y, Bugby, S, Cosma, G (2022) Automatic detection of scintillation light splashes using conventional and deep learning methods, Journal of Instrumentation, 17(06), DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/17/06/p06021.

Koch-Mehrin, K, Bugby, S, Lees, J, Veale, M, Wilson, M (2021) Charge sharing and charge loss in high-flux capable pixelated CdZnTe detectors, Sensors, 21(9), 3260, DOI: 10.3390/s21093260.

Bugby, S, Lees, J, McKnight, W, Dawood, N (2021) Stereoscopic portable hybrid gamma imaging for source depth estimation, Physics in Medicine and Biology, 66(4), 045031, ISSN: 0031-9155. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abd955.

Koch-Mehrin, KAL, Lees, JE, Bugby, S (2020) A spectroscopic Monte-Carlo model to simulate the response of pixelated CdTe based detectors, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 976, 164241, ISSN: 0168-9002. DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164241.

Bugby, SL, Koch-Mehrin, KA, Veale, MC, Wilson, MD, Lees, JE (2019) Energy-loss correction in charge sharing events for improved performance of pixellated compound semiconductors, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 940, pp.142-151, ISSN: 0168-9002. DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2019.06.017.

Almarhaby, AM, Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Alqahtani, MS, Jambi, LK, McKnight, WR, Perkins, AC (2019) Characterisation of a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging systems intended for hybrid gamma-NIR fluorescence image guided surgery, Journal of Instrumentation, 14(7), DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/14/07/P07007.

Ng, AH, Alqahtani, MS, Jambi, LK, Bugby, SL, Lees, JE, Perkins, AC (2019) Assessing a small field of view hybrid gamma camera for perioperative iodine-125 seed localisation, The British Journal of Radiology, pp.20190020-20190020, ISSN: 0007-1285. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190020.

Stammes, MA, Bugby, SL, Porta, T, Pierzchalski, K, Devling, T, Otto, C, Dijkstra, J, Vahrmeijer, AL, de Geus-Oei, L-F, Mieog, JSD (2018) Modalities for image- and molecular-guided cancer surgery, British Journal of Surgery, 105(2), pp.e69-e83, ISSN: 0007-1323. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10789.

Alqahtani, MS, Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Samara-Ratna, P, Ng, AH, Perkins, AC (2017) Design and implementation of a prototype head and neck phantom for the performance evaluation of gamma imaging systems, EJNMMI Physics, 4(1), 19, DOI: 10.1186/s40658-017-0186-3.

Ng, AH, Blackshaw, PE, Alqahtani, MS, Jambi, LK, Bugby, SL, Lees, JE, Perkins, AC (2017) A novel compact small field of view hybrid gamma camera, Nuclear Medicine Communications, 38(9), pp.729-736, ISSN: 0143-3636. DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000715.

Bugby, SL, Lees, JE, Perkins, AC (2017) Hybrid intraoperative imaging techniques in radioguided surgery: present clinical applications and future outlook, Clinical and Translational Imaging, 5(4), pp.323-341, ISSN: 2281-5872. DOI: 10.1007/s40336-017-0235-x.

Alqahtani, M, Lees, J, Bugby, S, Jambi, L, Bhatia, B, McKnight, W, Dawood, N, Ng, A, Perkins, A (2017) Capability of a novel small field of view hybrid gamma camera (HGC) for sentinel lymph node and small organ imaging, JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE, 58, ISSN: 0161-5505.

Lees, J, Bugby, S, Alqahtani, M, Jambi, L, Dawood, N, McKnight, W, Ng, A, Perkins, A (2017) A Multimodality Hybrid Gamma-Optical Camera for Intraoperative Imaging, Sensors, 17(3), pp.554-554, DOI: 10.3390/s17030554.

Alqahtani, MS, Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Jambi, LK, Perkins, AC (2016) Quantitative investigation of a novel small field of view hybrid gamma camera (HGC) capability for sentinel lymph node detection, The British Journal of Radiology, 89(1066), pp.20160435-20160435, ISSN: 0007-1285. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160435.

Bugby, SL, Jambi, LK, Lees, JE (2016) A comparison of CsI:Tl and GOS in a scintillator-CCD detector for nuclear medicine imaging, Journal of Instrumentation, 11(09), pp.P09009-P09009, DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/11/09/p09009.

Alqahtani, MS, Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Jambi, LK, Bhatia, BS, McKnight, WR, Dawood, NS, Ng, AH, Perkins, AC (2016) Quantitative analysis of sentinel lymph node detection using a novel small field of view hybrid gamma camera (HGC), Physica Medica, 32, pp.256-257, ISSN: 1120-1797. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.551.

Bugby, SL, Lees, JE, Ng, AH, Alqahtani, MS, Perkins, AC (2016) Investigation of an SFOV hybrid gamma camera for thyroid imaging, Physica Medica, 32(1), pp.290-296, ISSN: 1120-1797. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.12.002.

Ng, AH, Clay, D, Blackshaw, PE, Bugby, SL, Morgan, PS, Lees, JE, Perkins, AC (2015) Assessment of the performance of small field of view gamma cameras for sentinel node imaging, Nuclear Medicine Communications, 36(11), pp.1134-1142, ISSN: 0143-3636. DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000377.

Alqahtani, MS, Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Jambi, LK, Perkins, AC (2015) Lymphoscintigraphic imaging study for quantitative evaluation of a small field of view (SFOV) gamma camera, Journal of Instrumentation, 10(07), pp.P07011-P07011, DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/10/07/p07011.

Jambi, LK, Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Tipper, S, Alqahtani, MS, Perkins, AC (2015) Evaluation of XRI-UNO CdTe detector for nuclear medical imaging, Journal of Instrumentation, 10(06), pp.P06012-P06012, DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/10/06/p06012.

Bhatia, BS, Bugby, SL, Lees, JE, Perkins, AC (2015) A scheme for assessing the performance characteristics of small field-of-view gamma cameras, Physica Medica, 31(1), pp.98-103, ISSN: 1120-1797. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.08.004.

Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Bhatia, BS, Jambi, LK, Alqahtani, MS, McKnight, WR, Ng, AH, Perkins, AC (2014) A small field of view camera for hybrid gamma and optical imaging, Journal of Instrumentation, 9(12), pp.C12020-C12020, DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/9/12/c12020.

Bannister, NP, Wakefield, MJ, Tatham, A, Bugby, SL, Molyneux, PM, Prydal, JI (2014) Spectroscopic measurements in scleritis: Bluish-red or deep red?, British Journal of Ophthalmology, 98(12), pp.1761-1764, ISSN: 0007-1161. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304086.

Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Boie, L, Scoular, C (2014) Energy response of AlGaAs soft X-ray photon counting detectors, Journal of Instrumentation, 9(05), pp.P05003-P05003, DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/9/05/p05003.

Bugby, S, Lees, JE, Bhatia, BS, Perkins, AC (2013) Characterisation of a high resolution small field of view portable gamma camera, Physica Medica, 30(3), pp.331-339, ISSN: 1120-1797. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2013.10.004.

Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Bark, AP, Bassford, DJ, Blackshaw, PE, Perkins, AC (2013) A hybrid camera for locating sources of gamma radiation in the environment, Journal of Instrumentation, 8(10), pp.P10021-P10021, DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/8/10/p10021.

Bugby, SL, Lees, JE, Perkins, AC (2012) Modelling image profiles produced with a small field of view gamma camera with a single pinhole collimator, Journal of Instrumentation, 7(11), pp.P11025-P11025, DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/7/11/p11025.

Conferences

Bishop, M, Bettelli, M, Braddock, IHB, Bugby, SL, Cline, BD, Davis, A, Dejene, FK, Dhamgaye, VP, Helsby, W, Knowles, S, Nobes, J, Richards, S, Veale, MC, Zanettini, S, Fox, OJL (2025) Characterisation and Comparison of High and Low-Flux CdZnTe. In 2025 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD), pp.1-1, DOI: 10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11287132.

Bugby, S, Farnworth, A, Perkins, A, Shah, MNM, Musidek, INM, Yeong, CH, See, MH, Ng, AH, Djamarani, S, Rosser, M (2025) Seracam^TM: Hybrid Gamma-Optical Video Imaging for Intraoperative Radioguidance. In 2025 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD), pp.1-1, DOI: 10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11287942.

Paterno, G, Priestley, H, Wright, L, Bugby, S, Duffy, J, Dupraz, K, Jacquet, M, Bravin, A, Spiga, J (2025) Monte Carlo Model of Inverse Compton Scattering Sources for Microbeam Radiation Therapy at Thomx. In 2025 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD), pp.1-2, DOI: 10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11287661.

Farnworth, A, Bugby, S, Perkins, A, Rosser, M (2025) Seracam ${ }^{\text {TM }}$: Hybrid Gamma-Optical Video Imaging for Real-Time Extravasation Injury Prevention. In 2025 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD), pp.1-1, DOI: 10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11286400.

Shah, RA, Bugby, SL, Dejene, FK, Koch-Mehrin, KA, Lees, JE (2025) Custom Monte Carlo Model to Simulate the Spectroscopic Performance of CsPbBr ₃ Based Perovskite Detectors. In 2025 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD), pp.1-1, DOI: 10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57106.2025.11286952.

Tumen-Ulzii, G, Salway, H, Lu, Y, Dubajic, M, Doherty, T, Bugby, S, Dejene, F, Lees, J, Braddock, I, Veale, MC, Wilson, MD, Anaya, M, Stranks, SD (2024) Surface Passivated Perovskite Single Crystals for X-ray Detectors with High Sensitivity. In 2024 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD), pp.1-1, DOI: 10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57108.2024.10656002.

Zhang, J, Cosma, G, Bugby, S, Watkins, J (2024) ForestMonkey: toolkit for reasoning with AI-based defect detection and classification models. In 2023 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI); 2023 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), Mexico City, Mexico, pp.519-524, ISBN: 9781665430654. DOI: 10.1109/SSCI52147.2023.10371878.

Zhang, J, Cosma, G, Bugby, S, Finke, A, Watkins, J (2024) Morphological image analysis and feature extraction for reasoning with AI-based defect detection and classification models. In 2023 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), Mexico City, Mexico, pp.1104-1111, ISBN: 9781665430654. DOI: 10.1109/SSCI52147.2023.10371832.

Ng, AH, Bugby, SL, Lees, JE, Morgan, PS, Perkins, AC (2019) Operator motion effects of a small field of view hybrid gamma camera: to hold or not to hold, that is the question?. In , Journal of Physics: Conference Series, pp.012019-012019, DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1248/1/012019.

Koch-Mehrin, KAL, Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Scuffham, J, Matheson, J, Wilson, MD (2018) Investigating the Quality of 3D Printed Tungsten Collimators for Nuclear Medicine Imaging. In , EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING, pp.S249-S250.

Alqahtani, MS, Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Jambi, LK, Ng, AH, Bhatia, BS, Dawood, NS, Almarhaby, AM, McKnight, WR, Perkins, AC (2018) A novel small field of view hybrid gamma camera for scintigraphic imaging (Conference Presentation). In Webster, RJ and Fei, B (ed) Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling, Medical Imaging 2018: Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling, pp.47-47, DOI: 10.1117/12.2293792.

Jambi, L, Lees, J, Bugby, S, Alqahtani, M, Bhatia, B, McKnight, W, Dawood, N, Ng, A, Perkins, A (2017) A hand-held hybrid gamma-near-infrared fluorescence imaging camera. In , JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE.

Jambi, LK, Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Bhatia, BS, Alqahtani, MS, Dawood, NS, Ng, AH, Perkins, AC (2016) Comparison of columnar and pixelated scintillators for small field of view hybrid gamma camera imaging. In 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD), pp.1-4, DOI: 10.1109/nssmic.2016.8069402.

Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Alqahtani, MS, Jambi, LK, Dawood, NS, Ng, AH, Perkins, AC (2016) A high-resolution hybrid gamma-optical camera for intraoperative imaging. In , EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING, pp.S220-S220.

Bugby, SL, Lees, JE, Ng, AH, Alqahtani, MS, Jambi, LK, Stammes, MA, Handgraaf, HJM, Perkins, AC (2016) Portable hybrid gamma-near-infrared fluorescence imaging. In , EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING, pp.S220-S221.

Perkins, A, Ng, A, Bugby, S, Blackshaw, P, Alqatani, M, Jambi, L, Lees, J (2016) A novel compact hybrid optical-gamma-camera: First clinical results. In , JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE.

Bugby, S, Lees, J, Perkins, A, Bassford, D, Blake, O, Blackshaw, P, Bhatia, B (2014) Performance of a high-resolution hybrid gamma/optical camera for intraoperative imaging. In , JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE.

Bugby, S, Lees, J, Bassford, D, Blackshaw, E, Perkins, A (2013) Preliminary evaluation of a novel high-resolution hybrid gamma/optical camera for intraoperative imaging. In , EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING, pp.S177-S177.

Books

Iniewski, K (ed) (2022) Advanced X-ray Detector Technologies, Springer International Publishing, ISBN: 9783030642785. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64279-2.

Chapters

Koch-Mehrin, KAL, Bugby, SL, Lees, JE (2022) Modelling Spectroscopic Performance of Pixelated Semiconductor Detectors Through Monte-Carlo Simulation. In Advanced X-ray Detector Technologies, Springer Nature, pp.59-85, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64279-2_3.

Koch-Mehrin, KAL, Bugby, S, Lees, JE (2020) Modelling spectroscopic performance of pixelated semiconductor detectors through Monte-Carlo simulation. In Iniewski, KK (ed) Advanced X-ray Detector Technologies: Design and Applications, Springer, pp.59-85, ISBN: 9783030642785. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64279-2_3.

Bugby, SL, Lees, JE, Perkins, AC (2016) Chapter 9 Characterisation and Quality Assurance Protocols for SFOV Gamma Cameras. In Gamma Cameras for Interventional and Intraoperative Imaging, CRC Press, pp.171-188, ISBN: 9781498729284. DOI: 10.1201/9781315370224-10.

Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Perkins, AC (2016) Chapter 10 Hybrid Gamma-Optical Imaging. In Gamma Cameras for Interventional and Intraoperative Imaging, CRC Press, pp.189-202, ISBN: 9781498729284. DOI: 10.1201/9781315370224-11.

Bugby, SL, Lees, JE, Perkins, AC (2016) ◾ Small Field of View Gamma Cameras and Intraoperative Applications. In Gamma Cameras for Interventional and Intraoperative Imaging, Taylor & Francis, pp.21-46, DOI: 10.1201/9781315370224-10.

Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Perkins, AC (2016) ◾ Detector Design for Small Field of View (SFOV) Nuclear Cameras. In Gamma Cameras for Interventional and Intraoperative Imaging, Taylor & Francis, pp.47-72, DOI: 10.1201/9781315370224-11.

Bugby, SL, Lees, JE, Perkins, AC (2016) Characterisation and quality assurance protocols for SFOV gamma cameras. In Gamma Cameras for Interventional and Intraoperative Imaging, pp.171-187, DOI: 10.1201/9781315370224.

Lees, JE, Bugby, SL, Perkins, AC (2016) Hybrid gamma- optical imaging. In Gamma Cameras for Interventional and Intraoperative Imaging, pp.189-202, DOI: 10.1201/9781315370224.

Software

Jiang, Y, Bugby, S, Lees, J (Accepted for publication) Python-based Monte Carlo Simulation Tool.

Datasets

Kulkarni, S, Hillier, J, Marjoribanks, T, Bugby, S, Higham, J, Bannister, D (2026) Supplementary information files for "Seeing gusty winds: Optical tracking of tree motion captures peak 3-second gust velocities", DOI: 10.17028/rd.lboro.32043378.

Jiang, Y, Bugby, S, Cosma, G (2022) DeepSplashSpotter, DOI: 10.17028/rd.lboro.19780786.

Other

Kulkarni, S, Hillier, JK, Bugby, SL, Marjoribanks, TI, Bannister, D, Higham, J (2026) Seeing the Winds Better: Simulated Videos of Defoliated Tree Motion Capture Extreme Wind Speeds, Extreme windstorms are among the costliest natural disasters in northwest Europe. Traditional wind measurement methods, while reliable, are limited by cost, installation complexity, and sparse spatial coverage, particularly in cluttered urban areas. Higher resolution approaches are therefore needed to monitor near-surface wind dynamics in complex settings.Motion tracking in videos of foliated trees has reliably captured fine-scale wind variability, showing strong correlations with anemometer measurements, consistent gust estimates across reference objects, and strong temporal coherence; the present work introduces two major advances: (1) the first application of Visual Anemometry (VA) on videos generated from physics-based simulations of trees, and (2) a focus on defoliated trees, enabling mechanistic isolation of branch and trunk responses. Videos are generated from an elastically articulated body model simulating tree responses under mean wind speeds of 7-40 m s⁻¹ (25-144 km h⁻¹).Results show that input wind speeds are reflected in kinematic tree responses (R² = 0.8), and then that these tree motions are captured in wind speeds estimated from videos by VA (R² ≈ 0.7). Distal and mid-canopy branches dominate the VA response, whereas the stem and inner branches provide only weak contributions, even though informative motion cues may occur anywhere in the canopy. These VA wind estimates were insensitive to camera orientation, confirming that estimation accuracy remains robust across horizontal viewpoints. In this work, we also explore the method's sensitivity to different camera parameters and assess its transferability across different conditions.Using simulation-based defoliated trees, this work is a step towards a low-cost, scalable alternative to traditional methods, enabling improved detection of extreme gusts, fine-scale hazard mapping, and risk assessment for urban planning and insurance.. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu26-254.