Journal Articles
Mougin, L, Will, B, Bongers, CCWG, James, LJ,
Mears, SA (2026)
Cold fluid ingestion does not enhance exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged endurance exercise in the heat,
Journal of Applied Physiology, japp.hysiol.00617.2026, ISSN: 8750-7587. DOI:
10.1152/japp.hysiol.00617.2026.
Mougin, L, Kronlage, S, Forte, N, Leung, L, Mcclelland, Lee Taylor, E, James, LJ,
Mears, SA (2026)
Four-Hour Low-Intensity Intermittent Exercise In The Heat Alters Subsequent Glycemic Control: Implications For Industrial Athletes?: 1507,
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 58, ISSN: 0195-9131. DOI:
10.1249/01.mss.0001263264.87342.68.
Mougin, L, Stennett, R, Ely, BR, Morel, B, O'Neill, L, Esh, C, Adams, WM, Longman, DP, Blagrove, RC, Taylor, L,
Mears, SA (2026)
Gastrointestinal temperature of elite and recreational adult runners during a 100-mile ultramarathon under heat exposure,
Physiological Reports, 14(17), e71089, DOI:
10.14814/phy2.71089.
Mougin, L, Bailey, SJ, Jones, AM, Joyner, MJ,
Mears, SA, Pearce, R, Zanini, M (2026)
Response to Comment on: “35 Years of Joyner’s Endurance Performance Model: Assessing the Contribution of Physiological Determinants of Performance Proxies in 888 Individuals from Recreational to World Class”,
Sports Medicine, ISSN: 0112-1642. DOI:
10.1007/s40279-026-02502-8.
Mougin, L, Bailey, SJ, Burnley, M, Pearce, R,
Mears, SA, Zanini, M (2026)
Response to Comment on: Factors Affecting V̇O2 and Fat Oxidation Responses During Step Incremental Exercise,
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 36(8), ISSN: 0905-7188. DOI:
10.1111/sms.70356.
Macrae, H, Reynolds, KM, Sellors, C, Wickham, PE, Cable, TG, Wallis, GA, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Funnell, M,
Mears, S, James, L (2026)
Exercise-induced dehydration decreases exogenous glucose oxidation during prolonged cycling in a temperate environment,
Journal of Applied Physiology, 141(2), pp.517-526, ISSN: 8750-7587. DOI:
10.1152/japp.hysiol.01192.2025.
Mougin, L, Stennett, R, Ely, BR, Taylor, L, Adams, WM, Blagrove, RC, Longman, DP,
Mears, SA (2026)
Heat preparation and nutrition strategies for a 100-mile ultramarathon in extreme heat: A questionnaire study at the Western States Endurance Run,
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, ISSN: 1440-2440. DOI:
10.1016/j.jsams.2026.05.014.
Mougin, L, Bailey, S, Jones, A, Joyner, M,
Mears, S, Pearce, R, Zanini, M (2026)
35 years of Joyner’s endurance performance model: Assessing the contribution of physiological determinants of performance proxies in 888 individuals ranging from recreational to world-class,
Sports Medicine, 56(8), ISSN: 0112-1642. DOI:
10.1007/s40279-026-02439-y.
Mougin, L, Burgada, KJ, Ely, BR, Morel, B, Blagrove, R, Mix, H, Svendahl, E,
Mears, S, Stennett, R (2025)
Physiological, nutritional and thermoregulatory responses of a world-class mountain-ultramarathon athlete during the 2025 Western States Endurance Run 100,
Journal of Applied Physiology, 140(1), pp.188-194, ISSN: 8750-7587. DOI:
10.1152/japp.hysiol.01048.2025.
Reynolds, K, Rowland, S, Funnell, M, Clifford, T, Heaney, L,
Mears, S, Bailey, S, James, L (2025)
At least 10 minutes of seated rest is required for stabilisation of blood-based hydration biomarkers,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 126(4), pp.2155-2160, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-025-06048-x.
Mougin, L, Horner, M, Edwards, D, Nickels, M, Taylor, L, James, L,
Mears, S (2025)
Heat stress impairs exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged running when maintaining euhydration,
Journal of Applied Physiology, 139(6), pp.1436-1446, ISSN: 8750-7587. DOI:
10.1152/japp.hysiol.00873.2025.
Mougin, L, Macrae, H, Taylor, L, James, L,
Mears, S (2025)
The effect of heat stress and dehydration on carbohydrate use during endurance exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis,
Sports Medicine, 55(11), pp.2825-2847, ISSN: 0112-1642. DOI:
10.1007/s40279-025-02294-3.
Mougin, L, Bailey, S, Burnley, M, Pearce, R,
Mears, S, Zanini, M (2025)
Factors affecting V̇O2 and fat oxidation responses during step incremental exercise,
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 35(8), e70110, ISSN: 0905-7188. DOI:
10.1111/sms.70110.
Macrae, H, Reynolds, K, Cable, T, Barutcu, A, Hansell, EJ,
Mears, S, Midwood, K, Mould, C, Funnell, M, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, James, L (2025)
Twice a day lacrosse training in temperate conditions results in a negative 24-Hour sodium balance in male and female university lacrosse players,
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 39(9), ISSN: 1064-8011. DOI:
10.1519/JSC.0000000000005164.
Mougin, L, Cable, T,
Mears, S, James, L (2025)
Gastrointestinal temperature measurement from ingestible pills provided 3 hours preexercise is insufficient to avoid interference caused by tepid water ingestion,
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 20(6), pp.856-859, ISSN: 1555-0265. DOI:
10.1123/ijspp.2024-0440.
Juett, LA, Funnell, MP, Carroll, HA, James, LJ,
Mears, SA (2025)
24 h severe fluid restriction increases a biomarker of renal injury in healthy males,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-025-05749-7.
Mougin, L, Macrae, H, Henderson, A, Cable, T, Taylor, L, James, L,
Mears, S (2025)
Running in the heat similarly reduces lipid oxidation and peak oxygen consumption in trained runners and inactive individuals,
Journal of Applied Physiology, 138(2), pp.508-517, ISSN: 8750-7587. DOI:
10.1152/japp.hysiol.00710.2024.
Cable, T, Funnell, M, Reynolds, K, Hudson, E, Macrae, H, Johnson, D, Taylor, L, Heaney, L,
Mears, S, Bailey, S, James, L (2024)
7 days of L-citrulline supplementation does not improve running performance in the heat whilst in a hypohydrated state,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 125(5), pp.1411-1421, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-024-05671-4.
Reynolds, K, Funnell, M, Collins, A,
Mears, S, Pugh, J, James, L (2024)
A warm environment reduces exogenous glucose oxidation and endurance performance during cycling with facing airflow,
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 57(5), ISSN: 0195-9131. DOI:
10.1249/MSS.0000000000003632.
Mougin, L, Bougault, V, Racinais, S, Mountjoy, ML, Stephenson, B, Carter, S, James, L,
Mears, S, Taylor, L (2024)
Environmental challenges facing athletes, stakeholders and spectators at Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games: an evidence-based review of mitigation strategies and recommendations,
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(15), pp.870-881, ISSN: 0306-3674. DOI:
10.1136/bjsports-2024-108281.
Peden, D, Derbyshire, S, Funnell, M, McLeod, C, Rumbold, P, Hansell, EJ, Clifford, T,
Mears, S, James, L (2024)
Fluid and electrolyte balance following consumption of skimmed milk and a plant-based soya beverage at rest in euhydrated males,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 124(10), pp.3085-3093, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-024-05516-0.
Juett, LA, Drury, JE, Greensmith, TB, Thompson, AP, Funnell, MP, James, LJ,
Mears, SA (2024)
Hypohydration induced by prolonged cycling in the heat increases biomarkers of renal injury in males,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 124(4), pp.1085-1096, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-023-05328-8.
Funnell, MP, Juett, LA, Reynolds, K, Johnson, D, James, RM,
Mears, S, Cheuvront, SN, Kenefick, RW, James, L (2024)
Iterative assessment of a sports rehydration beverage containing a novel amino acid formula on water uptake kinetics,
European Journal of Nutrition, 63, ISSN: 1436-6207. DOI:
10.1007/s00394-024-03325-x.
Funnell, M, Moss, J, Brown, D,
Mears, S, James, L (2024)
Perceived dehydration impairs endurance cycling performance in the heat in active males,
Physiology & Behavior, 276, 114462, ISSN: 0031-9384. DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114462.
Bergin-Taylor, K, Funnell, M, Ferguson, R,
Mears, S, James, L (2023)
Serum osmolality measured in fingertip capillary blood is comparable to serum osmolality measured in venous blood,
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 49(1), pp.121-124, ISSN: 1715-5312. DOI:
10.1139/apnm-2022-0358.
Funnell, M, Embleton, D, Morris, T, Macrae, H, Hart, N, Mazzotta, T, Lockyer, W, Juett, L,
Mears, S, James, L (2023)
Exercise-induced hypohydration impairs 3 km treadmill-running performance in temperate conditions,
Journal of Sports Sciences, 41(12), pp.1171-1178, ISSN: 0264-0414. DOI:
10.1080/02640414.2023.2259728.
Funnell, M,
Mears, S, James, L (2023)
A self-paced 15-minute cycling time trial is a reliable performance measure in recreationally active individuals,
Journal of Sports Sciences, 41(17), pp.1581-1586, ISSN: 0264-0414. DOI:
10.1080/02640414.2023.2283993.
Reynolds, KM, Funnell, MP, Collins, A, Macrae, HZ,
Mears, SA, James, LJ (2023)
Prolonged Cycling At 32 °C Versus 19 °C Reduces Performance And Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation Despite Appropriate Windspeed,
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 55(9S), pp.770-770, ISSN: 0195-9131. DOI:
10.1249/01.mss.0000987076.47096.53.
Funnell, MP, Juett, LA,
Mears, SA, Cheuvront, SN, Kenefick, RW, James, LJ (2023)
Iterative Assessment Of A Beverage Containing A Novel Amino Acid Formula On Gastrointestinal D2O Kinetics,
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 55(9S), pp.283-283, ISSN: 0195-9131. DOI:
10.1249/01.mss.0000982376.73135.2e.
Peden, DL, Funnell, MP, Reynolds, KM, Kenefick, RW, Cheuvront, SN,
Mears, SA, James, LJ (2023)
Post-exercise Rehydration: Comparing The Efficacy Of Three Commercial Oral Rehydration Solutions,
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 55(9S), pp.282-283, ISSN: 0195-9131. DOI:
10.1249/01.mss.0000982372.30957.72.
Reynolds, K, Juett, LA, Funnell, M, Schofield, JB, Grundig, C, Melidis, G, Brown, A, Hubbard, W, Luo, Y, Almahaireh, I, James, L,
Mears, S (2023)
Apple puree as a natural fructose source provides an effective alternative carbohydrate source for fuelling half-marathon running performance,
European Journal of Sport Science, 23(10), pp.2011-2020, ISSN: 1746-1391. DOI:
10.1080/17461391.2023.2207074.
Funnell, M, Juett, L, Ferrara, R,
Mears, S, James, L (2023)
Ad-libitum fluid intake was insufficient to achieve euhydration 20 h after intermittent running in male team sports athletes,
Physiology and Behavior, 268, 114227, ISSN: 0031-9384. DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114227.
Peden, D, Funnell, M, Reynolds, K, Kenefick, RW, Cheuvront, SN,
Mears, S, James, L (2023)
Post-exercise rehydration: Comparing the efficacy of three commercial oral rehydration solutions,
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1158167, DOI:
10.3389/fspor.2023.1158167.
Wilby, R, Orr, M, Depledge, D, Giulianotti, R, Havenith, G, Kenyon, JA, Matthews, TKR,
Mears, S, Mullan, DJ, Taylor, L (2022)
The impacts of sport emissions on climate: Measurement, mitigation, and making a difference,
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1519(1), pp.20-33, ISSN: 0077-8923. DOI:
10.1111/nyas.14925.
Reynolds, K, Juett, L, Cobb, J, Hulston, CJ,
Mears, S, James, L (2022)
Apple puree as a natural fructose source provides an effective alternative to artificial fructose sources for fuelling endurance cycling performance in males,
Nutraceuticals, 2(3), pp.205-217, DOI:
10.3390/nutraceuticals2030015.
Reynolds, K, Clifford, T,
Mears, S, James, L (2022)
A food first approach to carbohydrate supplementation in endurance exercise: a systematic review,
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 32(4), pp.296-310, ISSN: 1526-484X. DOI:
10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0261.
Juett, L, Midwood, K, Funnell, M, James, L,
Mears, S (2021)
Hypohydration produced by high-intensity intermittent running increases biomarkers of renal injury in males,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 121, pp.3485-3497, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-021-04804-3.
Juett, L, James, L,
Mears, S (2021)
Effects of exercise on acute kidney injury biomarkers and the potential influence of fluid intake,
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 76(suppl 1), ISSN: 0250-6807. DOI:
10.1159/000515022.
Naharudin, MN, Adams, J, Richardson, H, Thomson, T, Oxinou, C, Marshall, C, Clayton, DJ,
Mears, S, Yusof, A, Hulston, C, James, LJ (2020)
Viscous placebo and carbohydrate breakfasts similarly decrease appetite and increase resistance exercise performance compared with a control breakfast in trained males,
British Journal of Nutrition, 124(2), pp.232-240, ISSN: 0007-1145. DOI:
10.1017/S0007114520001002.
Mears, S, Boxer, B, Sheldon, D, Wardley, H, Tarnowski, CA, James, L, Hulston, C (2020)
Sports drink intake pattern affects exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during running,
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 52(9), pp.1976-1982, ISSN: 0195-9131. DOI:
10.1249/MSS.0000000000002334.
Mears, S, Worley, J, Mason, GS, Hulston, C, James, L (Accepted for publication) Addition of sodium alginate and pectin to a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution does not influence substrate oxidation, gastrointestinal comfort or cycling performance, Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, ISSN: 1715-5312. DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0802.
James, L, Funnell, M, James, RM,
Mears, S (2019)
Does hypohydration really impair endurance performance? Methodological considerations for interpreting hydration research,
Sports Medicine, 49(Supp 2), ISSN: 0112-1642. DOI:
10.1007/s40279-019-01188-5.
Funnell, MP,
Mears, S, Bergin-Taylor, K, James, L (2019)
Blinded and unblinded hypohydration similarly impair cycling time trial performance in the heat in trained cyclists,
Journal of Applied Physiology, 126(4), pp.870-879, ISSN: 8750-7587. DOI:
10.1152/japp.hysiol.01026.2018.
Scott, B, Laursen, P, James, L, Boxer, B, Chandler, Z, Lam, E, Gascoyne, T, Messenger, J,
Mears, S (2018)
The effect of 1,3-butanediol and carbohydrate supplementation on running performance,
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(6), pp.702-706, ISSN: 1440-2440. DOI:
10.1016/j.jsams.2018.11.027.
Whatmough, S,
Mears, S, Kipps, C (2018)
Serum sodium changes in marathon participants who use NSAIDs,
BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, ISSN: 2055-7647. DOI:
10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000364.
Mears, S, Dickinson, K, Bergin-Taylor, K, Dee, R, Kay, J, James, L (2018)
Perception of breakfast ingestion enhances high intensity cycling performance,
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, ISSN: 1555-0265. DOI:
10.1123/ijspp.2017-0318.
James, L, Moss, J, Henry, J, Papadopoulou, C,
Mears, S (2017)
Hypohydration impairs endurance performance: a blinded study,
Physiological Reports, Vol. 5(Iss. 12), ISSN: 2051-817X. DOI:
10.14814/phy2.13315.
Whatmough, S,
Mears, S, Kipps, C (2017)
THE USE OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES (NSAIDS) AT THE 2016 LONDON MARATHON,
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(4), p.409, ISSN: 0306-3674. DOI:
10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.317.
Whatmough, S,
Mears, S, Kipps, C (2017)
EXERCISE ASSOCIATED HYPONATREMIA (EAH) AND FLUID INTAKE DURING THE 2016 LONDON MARATHON,
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(4), p.409, ISSN: 0306-3674. DOI:
10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.316.
Funnell, MP, Dykes, NR, Owen, EJ,
Mears, S, Rollo, I, James, L (2017)
Ecologically valid carbohydrate intake during soccer-specific exercise does not affect running performance in a fed state,
Nutrients, 9(1), DOI:
10.3390/nu9010039.
Beaumont, R, Cordery, P, Funnell, MP,
Mears, S, James, L, Watson, P (2017)
Chronic ingestion of a low dose of caffeine induces tolerance to the performance benefits of caffeine,
Journal of Sports Sciences, pp.1-8, ISSN: 0264-0414. DOI:
10.1080/02640414.2016.1241421.
Mears, SA, watson, P, shirreffs, S (2016)
Thirst responses following high intensity intermittent exercise when access to ad libitum water intake was permitted, not permitted or delayed,
Physiology and Behavior, 157, pp.47-54, ISSN: 1873-507X. DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.016.
James, L,
Mears, S, Shirreffs, SM (2015)
Electrolyte supplementation during severe energy restriction increases exercise capacity in the heat,
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 115(12), pp.2621-2629, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-015-3254-1.
Watson, P, Whale, A,
Mears, S, Reyner, LA, Maughan, RJ (2015)
Mild hypohydration increases the frequency of driver errors during a prolonged, monotonous driving task,
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR, 147, pp.313-318, ISSN: 0031-9384. DOI:
10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.028.
Mears, S and Shirreffs, SM (2015)
Assessing hydration status and reported beverage intake in the workplace,
American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 9(2), pp.157-168, ISSN: 1559-8276. DOI:
10.1177/1559827614523706.
Mears, S and Shirreffs, SM (2014)
Voluntary water intake during and following moderate exercise in the cold,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM, 24(1), pp.47-58, ISSN: 1526-484X. DOI:
10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0034.
Mears, S and Shirreffs, SM (2013)
The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise compared with continuous exercise on voluntary water ingestion,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM, 23(5), pp.488-497, ISSN: 1526-484X.
Mears, SA and Shirreffs, SM (2011)
Voluntary fluid intake in the cold,
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(15), a1, ISSN: 0306-3674. DOI:
10.1136/bjsports-2011-090606.4.
