Journal Articles

Gray, A, Lindsay, S, Pearson, J, Crick, T, Rahat, A (2026) Rendering transparency to ranking in educational assessment via Bayesian comparative judgement, Review of Education, 14(2), e70149, ISSN: 2049-6613. DOI: 10.1002/rev3.70149.

Walton, SP, Evans, BJ, Rahat, AAM, Stovold, J, Vincalek, J (2026) From Metrics to Meaning: Time to Rethink Evaluation in Human–AI Collaborative Design, ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, 16(1), pp.1-31, ISSN: 2160-6455. DOI: 10.1145/3773292.

Manamperi, T, Rahat, A, Pender, D, Cristaudo, D, Lamb, R, Karunarathna, H (2025) Predicting shoreline changes using deep learning techniques with Bayesian optimisation, Coastal Engineering, 203, pp.104856-104856, ISSN: 0378-3839. DOI: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104856.

Wilson, B, Natali, C, Roach, M, Scott, D, Rahat, A, Rawlinson, D, Cabitza, F (2025) Dimensions of Human-Machine Combination: Prompting the Development of Deployable Intelligent Decision Systems for Situated Clinical Contexts, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), 34(2), pp.425-481, ISSN: 0925-9724. DOI: 10.1007/s10606-025-09514-4.

Manamperi, TUS, Karunarathna, H, Rahat, A, Banno, M, Pender, D, Cristaudo, D (2025) MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR CROSS SHORE BEACH CHANGE FORECASTING, Coastal Engineering Proceedings, (38), p.60, ISSN: 0589-087X. DOI: 10.9753/icce.v38.management.60.

Roberts, AP, Rahat, AAM, Jarman, DS, Fieldsend, JE, Tabor, GR (2025) Multi-objective Bayesian shape optimization of an industrial hydrodynamic separator using unsteady Eulerian-Lagrangian simulations, Optimization and Engineering, 26(1), pp.333-364, ISSN: 1389-4420. DOI: 10.1007/s11081-024-09907-2.

Jin, Y, Wang, X, Singh, H, Chugh, T, Rahat, A (2024) Introduction to the Special Issue on Data-Driven Evolutionary Computation, ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization, 4(4), pp.1-2, DOI: 10.1145/3704266.

Gray, A, Rahat, A, Crick, T, Lindsay, S (2024) A Bayesian active learning approach to comparative judgement within education assessment, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, pp.100245-100245, ISSN: 2666-920X. DOI: 10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100245.

Ions, K, Rahat, A, Reeve, DE, Karunarathna, H (2024) Gaussian process regression approach for predicting wave attenuation through rigid vegetation, Applied Ocean Research, 145, pp.103935-103935, ISSN: 0141-1187. DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.103935.

Dykes, J, Abdul-Rahman, A, Archambault, D, Bach, B, Borgo, R, Chen, M, Enright, J, Fang, H, Firat, EE, Freeman, E, Gönen, T, Harris, C, Jianu, R, John, NW, Khan, S, Lahif, A, Laramee, RS, Matthews, L, Mohr, S, Nguyen, PH, Rahat, AAM, Reeve, R, Ritsos, PD, Roberts, JC, Slingsby, A, Swallow, B, Torsney-Weir, T, Turkay, C, Turner, R, Vidal, FP, Wang, Q, Wood, J, Xu, K (2022) Correction to: ‘Visualization for epidemiological modelling: challenges, solutions, reflections and recommendations’ (2022) by Dykes et al, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 380(2235), 20220296, ISSN: 1364-503X. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0296.

Walton, SP, Rahat, AAM, Stovold, J (2022) Evaluating Mixed-Initiative Procedural Level Design Tools Using a Triple-Blind Mixed-Method User Study, IEEE Transactions on Games, 14(3), pp.413-422, ISSN: 2475-1502. DOI: 10.1109/tg.2021.3086215.

Dykes, J, Abdul-Rahman, A, Archambault, D, Bach, B, Borgo, R, Chen, M, Enright, J, Fang, H, Firat, EE, Freeman, E, Gonen, T, Harris, C, Jianu, R, John, N, Khan, S, Lahiff, A, Laramee, R, Matthews, L, Mohr, S, Nguyen, PH, Rahat, AAM, Reeve, R, Ritsos, PD, Roberts, JC, Slingsby, A, Swallow, B, Torsney-Weir, T, Turkay, C, Turner, R, Vidal, FP, Wang, Q, Wood, J, Xu, K (2022) Visualization for epidemiological modelling: challenges, solutions, reflections and recommendations, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 380(2233), ISSN: 1364-503X. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0299.

Daniels, SJ, Rahat, AAM, Tabor, GR, Fieldsend, JE, Everson, RM (2022) Application of multi-objective Bayesian shape optimisation to a sharp-heeled Kaplan draft tube, Optimization and Engineering, 23(2), pp.689-716, ISSN: 1389-4420. DOI: 10.1007/s11081-021-09602-6.

De Ath, G, Everson, RM, Rahat, AAM, Fieldsend, JE (2021) Greed Is Good: Exploration and Exploitation Trade-offs in Bayesian Optimisation, ACM Transactions on Evolutionary Learning and Optimization, 1(1), pp.1-22, ISSN: 2688-299X. DOI: 10.1145/3425501.

Daniels, SJ, Rahat, AAM, Tabor, GR, Fieldsend, JE, Everson, RM (2020) Shape optimisation of the sharp-heeled Kaplan draft tube: Performance evaluation using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Renewable Energy, 160, pp.112-126, ISSN: 0960-1481. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.164.

Daniels, SJ, Rahat, AAM, Tabor, GR, Fieldsend, JE, Everson, RM (2019) Automated shape optimisation of a plane asymmetric diffuser using combined Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations and multi-objective Bayesian methodology, International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 33(6-7), pp.256-271, ISSN: 1061-8562. DOI: 10.1080/10618562.2019.1683165.

Tabish, TA, Pranjol, MZI, Horsell, DW, Rahat, AAM, Whatmore, JL, Winyard, PG, Zhang, S (2019) Graphene Oxide-Based Targeting of Extracellular Cathepsin D and Cathepsin L As A Novel Anti-Metastatic Enzyme Cancer Therapy, Cancers, 11(3), pp.319-319, DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030319.

Rahat, AAM, Wang, C, Everson, RM, Fieldsend, JE (2018) Data-driven multi-objective optimisation of coal-fired boiler combustion systems, Applied Energy, 229, pp.446-458, ISSN: 0306-2619. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.101.

Tabish, TA, Pranjol, MZI, Hayat, H, Rahat, AAM, Abdullah, TM, Whatmore, JL, Zhang, S (2017) In vitro toxic effects of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets on lung cancer cells, Nanotechnology, 28(50), pp.504001-504001, ISSN: 0957-4484. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa95a8.

Wang, C, Liu, Y, Everson, RM, Rahat, AAM, Zheng, S (2017) Applied Gaussian Process in Optimizing Unburned Carbon Content in Fly Ash for Boiler Combustion, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2017(1), 6138930, ISSN: 1024-123X. DOI: 10.1155/2017/6138930.

Rahat, AAM, Everson, RM, Fieldsend, JE (2016) Evolutionary multi-path routing for network lifetime and robustness in wireless sensor networks, Ad Hoc Networks, 52, pp.130-145, ISSN: 1570-8705. DOI: 10.1016/j.adhoc.2016.08.005.

Rahat, AAM, Everson, RM, Fieldsend, JE (2015) Hybrid evolutionary approaches to maximum lifetime routing and energy efficiency in sensor mesh networks, ACM SIGEVOlution, 7(4), ISSN: 1931-8499. DOI: 10.1145/2850447.2850448.

Rahat, AAM, Everson, RM, Fieldsend, JE (2015) Hybrid Evolutionary Approaches to Maximum Lifetime Routing and Energy Efficiency in Sensor Mesh Networks, Evolutionary Computation, 23(3), pp.481-507, ISSN: 1063-6560. DOI: 10.1162/evco_a_00151.

Conferences

Rahat, A, Chugh, T, Fieldsend, J, Allmendinger, R (2026) Accelerating multi-objective Bayesian optimisation via predictive-gradient catalysts. In Iacca, G, Nadizar, G, Yaman, A, Bucur, D, Cioppa, AD, Hu, T, Medvet, E, Thomson, SL (ed) 19th International Conference Parallel Problem Solving From Nature; Parallel Problem Solving from Nature – PPSN XIX. PPSN 2026, Trento, Italy,ISBN: 9783032362254. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-36226-1_10.

Brooks, G, Walton, S, Roggenbach, M, Armstrong, J, Rahat, A (2026) Robust evolutionary optimization for demand-balanced railway route design. In Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference; GECCO '26: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, San José, Costa Rica, pp.1047-1055, ISBN: 9798400724879. DOI: 10.1145/3795095.3805167.

Wilson, B, Natali, C, Roach, M, Rahat, A, Scott, D, Rawlinson, D, Cabitza, F (2026) Eight Dimensions of Human-Machine Combination. In , Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pp.417-420, DOI: 10.3233/FAIA260528.

Lewis, T, Picco, N, Rahat, A, Woolley, T, Ghazal, P (2025) Searching for Model Structures on Murine Neonatal Sepsis Data Using Genetic Programming. In GECCO '25 Companion: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pp.863-866, DOI: 10.1145/3712255.3726680.

Moore, B, Roberts, A, Jarman, D, Rahat, A, Fieldsend, J, Tabor, G (2025) Performance Benchmarking of Multi-Objective Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithms on a Novel Computational Fluid Dynamics Test Case. In GECCO '25 Companion: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pp.2472-2480, DOI: 10.1145/3712255.3734308.

Wilson, B, Lakshmanan, K, Dix, A, Rahat, A, Roach, M (2025) A Crossroads for Hybrid Human-Machine Decision-Making. In , pp.316-322, ISBN: 9783031746260. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-74627-7_24.

Thomas, L, Roach, M, Rahat, A, Capsey, A, Edwards, M (2024) Semantic and Horizon-Based Feature Matching for Optimal Deep Visual Place Recognition in Waterborne Domains. In 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods, pp.761-770, DOI: 10.5220/0012376000003654.

Morgan, ML, Rahat, A, Jenkins, G, Zhang, J (2024) Explainable Machine Learning: Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Welsh Emergency Departments. In , pp.290-301, ISBN: 9783031672842. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-67285-9_21.

Ahmad, M, Alzahrani, A, Robinson, S, Rahat, A (2023) Modelling Human Trust in Robots During Repeated Interactions. In HAI '23: International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction, International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction, pp.281-290, DOI: 10.1145/3623809.3623892.

Sadler, S, Rahat, A, Walker, D, Archambault, D (2023) Extrema Graphs: Fitness Landscape Analysis to the Extreme!. In GECCO '23 Companion: Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pp.2081-2089, DOI: 10.1145/3583133.3596343.

Hotchkiss, L and Rahat, A (2023) Addressing the Health Versus Economy Dilemma in Data-Driven Policymaking During a Pandemic. In GECCO '23 Companion: Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, Proceedings of the Companion Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pp.723-726, DOI: 10.1145/3583133.3590652.

Walton, SP, Vincalek, J, Rahat, AAM, Stovold, J, Evans, BJ (2023) Genetic Car Designer: A Large-Scale User Study of a Mixed-Initiative Design Tool (A Work in Progress). In , Proceedings of the Aisb Convention 2023, pp.115-121.

Thomas, L, Edwards, M, Capsey, A, Rahat, A, Roach, M (2022) Deep Visual Place Recognition for Waterborne Domains. In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp.3546-3550, DOI: 10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897962.

Gray, A, Rahat, AAM, Crick, T, Lindsay, S, Wallace, D (2022) Using Elo Rating as a Metric for Comparative Judgement in Educational Assessment. In ICEMT 2022: 2022 6th International Conference on Education and Multimedia Technology, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Education and Multimedia Technology, pp.272-278, DOI: 10.1145/3551708.3556204.

De Ath, G, Chugh, T, Rahat, AAM (2022) MBORE. In GECCO '22: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp.776-785, DOI: 10.1145/3512290.3528769.

Gibson, F, Fabbro, R, Rahat, A, Torsney-Weir, T, Archambault, D, Gravenor, M, Lucini, B (2021) An interactive tool for enhancing hospital capacity predictions using an epidemiological model. In GECCO '21: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pp.55-56, DOI: 10.1145/3449726.3462738.

De Ath, G, Everson, RM, Fieldsend, JE, Rahat, AAM (2020) ϵ-shotgun. In GECCO '20: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp.787-795, DOI: 10.1145/3377930.3390154.

Palar, PS, Zuhal, LR, Chugh, T, Rahat, A (2020) On the Impact of Covariance Functions in Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization for Engineering Design. In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. DOI: 10.2514/6.2020-1867.

Rahat, A, Ledbetter, R, Dawn, A, Byrne, R, Everson, R (2019) Solving the first and last mile problem with connected and autonomous vehicles. In GECCO '19: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pp.397-398, DOI: 10.1145/3319619.3321919.

Daniels, SJ, Rahat, AAM, Everson, RM, Tabor, GR, Fieldsend, JE (2018) Redesign of industrial apparatus using multi-objective Bayesian optimisation. In , 10th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics Iccfd 2018 Proceedings.

Rahat, AAM, Everson, RM, Fieldsend, JE (2017) Alternative infill strategies for expensive multi-objective optimisation. In GECCO '17: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp.873-880, DOI: 10.1145/3071178.3071276.

Rahat, A, Everson, R, Fieldsend, J, Jin, Y, Wang, H (2016) Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Optimisation (SAEOpt'16) Chairs' Welcome & Organization. In GECCO '16: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Proceedings of the 2016 on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pp.1265-1266, DOI: 10.1145/2908961.2931710.

Rahat, AA-AM, Everson, RM, Fieldsend, JE (2014) Multi-objective routing optimisation for battery-powered wireless sensor mesh networks. In GECCO '14: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pp.1175-1182, DOI: 10.1145/2576768.2598311.

Chapters

Morgan, ML, Rahat, A, Jenkins, G, Zhang, J (2027) Peak-Aware Two-Stage LSTM Forecasting of Patient Arrivals in Welsh Emergency Departments. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Nature Switzerland, pp.369-382, ISBN: 9783032353863. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-35387-0_27.

Thomas, L, Roach, M, Rahat, A, Capsey, A, Edwards, M (2026) Semantically Aware SSM-VPR for Waterborne Deep VPR. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Nature Switzerland, pp.105-122, ISBN: 9783032060068. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-06007-5_7.

Gravenor, MB, Dawson, M, Bennett, E, Thorpe, B, White, C, Rahat, A, Archambault, D, Picco, N, Powathil, G, Lucini, B (2025) Real-Time Epidemiological Modelling During the COVID-19 Emergency in Wales. In Mathematics in Industry, Springer Nature Switzerland, pp.97-104, ISBN: 9783031486821. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-48683-8_13.

Chugh, T, Gaspar-Cunha, A, Deutz, AH, Duro, JA, Oara, DC, Rahat, A (2023) Identifying Correlations in Understanding and Solving Many-Objective Optimisation Problems. In Many-Criteria Optimization and Decision Analysis, Springer Nature, pp.241-267, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25263-1_9.

Rahat, A, Chugh, T, Fieldsend, J, Allmendinger, R, Miettinen, K (2022) Efficient Approximation of Expected Hypervolume Improvement Using Gauss-Hermite Quadrature. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer International Publishing, pp.90-103, ISBN: 9783031147135. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14714-2_7.

Chugh, T, Rahat, A, Volz, V, Zaefferer, M (2020) Towards Better Integration of Surrogate Models and Optimizers. In Studies in Computational Intelligence, Springer International Publishing, pp.137-163, ISBN: 9783030187637. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18764-4_7.

Rahat, A and Wood, M (2020) On Bayesian Search for the Feasible Space Under Computationally Expensive Constraints. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer International Publishing, pp.529-540, ISBN: 9783030645793. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64580-9_44.

Chugh, T, Rahat, A, Palar, PS (2019) Trading-off Data Fit and Complexity in Training Gaussian Processes with Multiple Kernels. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer International Publishing, pp.579-591, ISBN: 9783030375980. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-37599-7_48.

Daniels, S, Rahat, A, Tabor, G, Fieldsend, J, Everson, R (2019) A Review of Shape Distortion Methods Available in the OpenFOAM $$^{\textregistered }$$ Framework for Automated Design Optimisation. In OpenFOAM®, Springer International Publishing, pp.389-399, ISBN: 9783319608457. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60846-4_28.

Daniels, SJ, Rahat, AAM, Everson, RM, Tabor, GR, Fieldsend, JE (2018) A Suite of Computationally Expensive Shape Optimisation Problems Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer International Publishing, pp.296-307, ISBN: 9783319992587. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99259-4_24.

Datasets

Rahat, A, Chugh, T, Fieldsend, J, Allmendinger, R (2026) Supplementary information files for "Accelerating multi-objective Bayesian optimisation via predictive-gradient catalysts", DOI: 10.17028/rd.lboro.32613690.